by Xinhua writers Yu Maofeng, Lu Jingli
MOSCOW, Dec. 1 (Xinhua) -- Russia on
Sunday sent a draft treaty on European security to leaders of others
countries and international organizations in the Euro-Atlantic space.
President Dmitry Medvedev said the
draft, which should stretch "from Vancouver to Vladivostock," will
"finally do away with the legacy of the Cold War."
Signing of the new pact would be
beneficial to the security of Russia and Europe at large, but there is
a long way to go before the United States and its European allies agree
to the treaty since the parties' security interests differ
dramatically, analysts here say.
TIMING OF PROPOSAL
Medvedev came up with an initiative
in June 2008 to develop a legally binding treaty on European security.
He proposed convening a common European summit to build such a treaty,
which would be the legal basis for safeguarding future European
security.
Thereafter, Medvedev, Prime
Minister Vladimir Putin and Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov repeatedly
talked about launching the process of formulating a new security pact
and made its signing a Russian foreign policy priority.
The Organization for Security and
Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) began to discuss European security during
an unofficial ministerial meeting in Greece in June. The foreign
ministers from OSCE member states are presently gathering at Athens
from Tuesday to Wednesday and Europe's security remains high on their
agenda.
Greece, which holds the OSCE
rotating presidency, will pass on its position to the former Soviet
republic of Kazakhstan on Jan. 1. Apparently, Russia published the
proposal two days before the OSCE meeting in the hope that the treaty
would win broad support after Kazakhstan assumes the presidency.
Meanwhile, Russia and the United
States have seen a thaw in bilateral ties, which sank to historic lows
under the Bush administration before new U.S. President Barack Obama
announced a reset in U.S.-Russia relations.
Russia and NATO, which have shaken
off the shadow cast by Russia's brief war with Georgia in August 2008,
will soon declare the resumption of military cooperation, suspended
following last year's five-day war. Russia is also to render more
support to Western countries regarding their operations in Afghanistan.
Better ties with the West serves as a golden chance for creating new
European security mechanisms.
REASONS FOR PROPOSAL
Analysts say there are three reasons
behind Russia's proposal of the draft treaty. First, it was a response
to NATO's eastward expansion. NATO, a military bloc forged during the
post-World War II era, continued to expand eastward following the
collapse of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Treaty Organization, which
disintegrated in 1991.
NATO military facilities have been
deployed near Russian borders and the United States announced plans to
place elements of a missile defense system in Poland and the Czech
Republic. The West supported Ukraine and Georgia in "Color Revolutions"
and brokered their entry into NATO, an attempt seen by Russia as a
squeeze of its traditional sphere of influence and a threat to its
national security.
Second, the proposed pact aims to
involve Russia in European defense. NATO filled the blank left by the
disintegration of the Warsaw Treaty Organization, and took military
actions during the Kosovo crisis, while OSCE and the United Nations
lost their significance.
NATO members failed to approve the
revised Treaty On Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, indicating their
unwillingness to change the current NATO-led European security
architecture. Russia, a strong power in the Eurasian region, has been
closed out of the European security framework.
Third, the treaty reflects Russia's
ambition to strengthen its position. The Russian economy, bolstered by
high energy prices, had been growing vigorously before it was hit hard
by the global financial crisis. In contrast, the United States has seen
an end to the unipolar world.
Russia hopes to be part of a
multipolar world and play an increasingly critical role in the
international arena. Medvedev has made it clear the pact would be open
to "all states of the Euro-Atlantic and Eurasian space from Vancouver
to Vladivostock," as well as members of NATO, the European Union (EU),
the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security
Treaty Organization (CSTO) and OSCE.
Existing security institutions like
NATO, EU and OSCE were neither efficient nor comprehensive, said
Konstantin Kosachev, chairman of the State Duma's Committee on
International Affairs, noting that none of them managed to prevent the
Kosovo crisis and the Caucasus war.
Dmitry Rogozin, Russia's envoy to
NATO, said "international organizations can not help but include Russia
in their plans and admit that nothing could be achieved without joint
efforts" under the current international context.
LONG WAY TO GO
The draft treaty calls for mutual
cooperation between signatory countries "on the basis of principles of
indivisible, equal and undiminished security," which means that it's
impossible for the United States to station an anti-missile shield in
Central Europe once it signs the document.
Rogozin has handed over the draft
treaty to NATO leaders, saying the signing of the treaty is one of the
goals that Russia wants to realize through its cooperation with NATO.
The steps to discuss the treaty will depend on "the circumstances of
Russia-NATO ties," he said.
According to sources close to the
issue, NATO objects to discussing the treaty within the NATO-Russia
Council, insisting it be discussed by OSCE.
The West was likely to take different attitudes toward the draft, Russian political commentator Tatyana Stanovaya said.
The United States, Britain and some Eastern European countries would oppose the treaty.
Russia's traditional partners such as Germany, France, Italy and Finland would take a more cautious stance.
Switzerland was so far the only state
that had voiced support for the treaty. Observers believe that CIS
members also belong to the last category.
However, one legally binding
document could not resolve the problems of Kosovo, Abkhazia and South
Ossetia, said Dmitry Trenin, director of the Carnegie Moscow Center and
chair of its Expert Council and its Foreign and Security Policy
program. The problem was Russia's lack of trust in the United States
and Eastern Europe's lack of trust in Russia, he said.
Russia has long been at odds with
the United States and its NATO allies over European security, observers
said. It's difficult for them to reach any further understanding and
would take even more time before the treaty could finally be accepted.